India secretly launched the S4 nuclear submarine (SSBN) last month. These were: Tata Power, a part of Tata Group, and Larsen & Toubro (L&T), a technology, engineering, construction, and manufacturing giant. Other firms were also involved in the development of the submarine. While Moscow’s involvement in the program in designing the SSBNs and miniaturizing their reactors was an open, downplayed secret for a long period of time, it was only publicly acknowledged at Arihant’s launch ceremony in July 2009 through the presence of the Russian naval design team and their country’s then-ambassador V.I. The process of building the vessel saw assistance from Russian designers as well. INS Arihant, which cost $2.9bn, was jointly developed by the Indian Navy, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), and Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) at the naval dockyard.įile Image: A Chinese nuclear submarine. While the broad arrangement of the sonar system is the same as the Russian ones originally fitted to the Kilo, the intercept sonars positioned in the trailing edge of the sail are arranged one above the other. It is likely that the Arihant’s forward hull is similar to this class in order to leverage the USHUS sonar. Several of the Kilo-class vessels that are in service with India as the Sindhughosh-class submarines have been refitted with the DRDO-developed ‘USHUS’ sonar suites. The hull diameter also appears to match the Kilo-class subs. The upper sonar dome on top of the bow and multiple aspects of the sail look similar. An analysis of the images that are available confirms that a few aspects of these ships bear a strong resemblance to the Soviet-designed Kilo Class vessels. The submarines in this class have been scarcely documented in photographs. On the other hand, nuclear-powered 80MW pressurized water reactor (PWR) submarines can stay underwater for long durations without the risk of detection. Diesel-electric submarines have to reach up to the surface every day to release carbon dioxide produced by the generator.
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